Knowledge Base Repository
In addition to research papers, the Design Society is developing several valuable resources for those interested in the study of design. These include a repository of PhD theses, a library of case studies and transcripts of design activities, and an archive of our newsletters. Please note that these resources are accessible exclusively to Design Society members.
Quality of CAD Generation with Large Language Models: A Critical Overview
Herrmann, Kevin; Pusch, Felix; Berger, Elias; Mehlstäubl, Jan; Paetzold-Byhain, Kristin; Lachmayer, Roland
Type:
Year:
2026
Editor:
Paetzold-Byhain, K.; Krause, D.; Wartzack, S. and Koch, A.
Author:
Herrmann, Kevin; Pusch, Felix; Berger, Elias; Mehlstäubl, Jan; Paetzold-Byhain, Kristin; Lachmayer, Roland
Series:
DfX
Institution:
Leibniz University Hanover, Germany; Dresden University of Technology, Germany; MAN Truck & Bus SE, Germany
Page(s):
070-079
DOI number:
Abstract:
Large language models increasingly generate CAD models from text, images, or sketches, but prior evaluations emphasize geometric similarity while overlooking design-relevant properties like parametricity, feature structure, and process integration. We conduct a systematic review of LLM-based CAD generation across three academic databases using LLM-assisted screening and propose a six-level maturity model grounded in engineering design theory (VDI 2209) to assess design reusability. Results show most approaches cluster at maturity level 3 (parametric CAD scripts), with none reaching feature-based model history or assembly generation. We discuss training data, modality, and fine-tuning strategies needed to reach higher maturity and enable industrial adoption.
Keywords:
