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E-scooters are a cost-effective means of urban transport, however, there have been questions about their safety, performance, and energy efficiency. This paper investigates the rolling resistance of scooter tyres so that the performance of scooters can be more accurately determined. A rolling resistance trailer was manufactured to directly measure tractive force and closely approximate the rolling resistance force for nine commonly used scooter tyres at low speed on a smooth concrete surface. The results of this study will enable a better understanding of the energy losses of these devices.

Keywords:

sustainability, sustainable design, energy efficiency, rolling resistance, e-scooters