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This thesis investigates the use of architecture modelling in a technology development context.This context presents greater uncertainties than more mature new product development. Applications—the use of products based on the technology being developed—are not fully identified and the requirements to be fulfilled are not completely defined.The products to be based on the technology are yet to be developed as the foundation for their development will be developed during the technology development. Furthermore, the production of a new technology is not defined as both the technology and derivative products are not completely defined. Yet, decisions need to be made during technology development on the capabilities to be provided through the development to fulfil future application requirements,provide a foundation for future products, and development of a production system capable of producing future products and supporting technology development through prototype production.To support technology development aimed at a broad range of application requirements,two modelling frameworks are introduced: the product technology architecture modelling framework and the production architecture modelling framework—both developed for implementation within a technology development context. Both frameworks model both structural aspects and functional aspects of their respective phenomena.The Product Technology Architecture modelling framework enables modelling a product technologyarchitecture including the structure and breakdown of product technologies based on a generic product technology architecture as organs and organ alternatives and links these through product concepts to application concepts and requirements.The Production Architecture modelling framework enables modelling a Production Architecture from three perspectives: structure, capabilities, and expansions.These perspectives provide the means to model what the Production Architecture is, what the Production Architecture does, and what the Production Architecture has the potential to do within the planning horizon.The results of implementing the modelling frameworks in a technology development projectare presented, along with descriptive results on the context of technology development gained through active participation in the case project.