Knowledge Base Repository
In addition to research papers, the Design Society is developing several valuable resources for those interested in the study of design. These include a repository of PhD theses, a library of case studies and transcripts of design activities, and an archive of our newsletters. Please note that these resources are accessible exclusively to Design Society members.
Prototyping: Facing Uncertainty through Small Wins
Gerber, Elizabeth
Type:
Year:
2009
Editor:
Norell Bergendahl, M.; Grimheden, M.; Leifer, L.; Skogstad, P.; Lindemann, U.
Author:
Series:
ICED
Section:
Human Behavior in Design
Page(s):
333-342
Abstract:
Design is a learning process in which new knowledge is constructed and used to shape the environment in ways that did not previously exist. Because design is about creating that which does not yet exist, when individuals engage in the design process, they face uncertainty about final outcomes. Drawing on psychological research, this paper presents a grounded theory to explain how the practice of prototyping allows practitioners to remain committed to the design process despite uncertainty about final outcomes. When enacting the prototyping practice, practitioners break larger tasks into modest size tasks. Modest size tasks allow practitioners to take frequent action. By taking frequent action on manageable tasks, practitioners experience small wins by observing their impact and attributing success to their actions. Through a series of small wins, they attribute the positive effects to self-action and reduce anxiety of failure and increase a sense of perceived control. This sense of perceived control allows them to remain committed to the design process despite the uncertainty of the outcomes.
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