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In addition to research papers, the Design Society is developing several valuable resources for those interested in the study of design. These include a repository of PhD theses, a library of case studies and transcripts of design activities, and an archive of our newsletters. Please note that these resources are accessible exclusively to Design Society members.

Drivers and barriers of learning MBSE: design and validation of a RAG-based AI chatbot leveraging smart views

Förster, Felix (1); Ibrahim, Jaffar (1); Maack, Alexander (1); Landwehr, Juliane (1,2); Kaiser, Lydia (3,4); Bursac, Nikola (1)

Type:
Papers
DS 145: Proceedings of the DESIGN2026 19th International Design Conference
Year:
2026
Editor:
Štorga, M.; Škec, S.; Martinec, T.; Marjanović, D.; Pavković, N.
Author:
Förster, Felix (1); Ibrahim, Jaffar (1); Maack, Alexander (1); Landwehr, Juliane (1,2); Kaiser, Lydia (3,4); Bursac, Nikola (1)
Series:
DESIGN
Institution:
1: ISEM - Institute for Smart Engineering and Machine Elements, Hamburg University of Technology, Germany; 2: TRUMPF SE + Co. KG, Germany; 3: Technische Universität Berlin, Germany; 4: Einstein Center Digital Future, Germany
Page(s):
2941-2950
DOI number:
10.1017/pds.2026.10652
ISSN:
2732-527X (Online)
Abstract:
Learning MBSE is hindered by abstraction and complex tools. This paper identifies barriers via literature review and interviews to design a RAG-based chatbot acting as a "smart view" for contextual guidance. Evaluated through a semester-long field study and a controlled experiment, the prototype shows high usability and reduces cognitive load. While performance is comparable to traditional e-books, the RAG-enabled system effectively mitigates entry-level barriers and aids authentic project work through stepwise tutoring, offering a scalable, interactive complement to MBSE education.
Keywords:
model-based systems engineering (MBSE), artificial intelligence (AI), engineering education, large language model (LLM), systems engineering (SE)
DESIGN2026 - The 19th International Design Conference
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