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In addition to research papers, the Design Society is developing several valuable resources for those interested in the study of design. These include a repository of PhD theses, a library of case studies and transcripts of design activities, and an archive of our newsletters. Please note that these resources are accessible exclusively to Design Society members.

Still no smart service? A review of technical barriers to smart service adoption in the GenAI era

Heuwinkel, Tim (1); Weller, Julian (1); Gabriel, Stefan (1); Kürpick, Christian (1); Dumitrescu, Roman (1,2)

Type:
Papers
DS 145: Proceedings of the DESIGN2026 19th International Design Conference
Year:
2026
Editor:
Štorga, M.; Škec, S.; Martinec, T.; Marjanović, D.; Pavković, N.
Author:
Heuwinkel, Tim (1); Weller, Julian (1); Gabriel, Stefan (1); Kürpick, Christian (1); Dumitrescu, Roman (1,2)
Series:
DESIGN
Institution:
1: Fraunhofer IEM, Germany; 2: Chair for Advanced Systems Engineering, Heinz Nixdorf Institute, Paderborn University, Germany
Page(s):
2343-2352
DOI number:
10.1017/pds.2026.10592
ISSN:
2732-527X (Online)
Abstract:
OEMs are shifting from product-centric offerings toward smart services, but adoption is still hindered by technical development barriers. We conduct a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed studies with original industrial evidence and identify eight barrier categories across data, semantics, integration, governance and modularity. We map them onto a smart-service architecture and key analytics roles, and relate them to GenAI building blocks such as LLMs and knowledge graphs, outlining a research agenda for overcoming technical barriers towards scalable OEM smart service development.
Keywords:
product-service systems (PSS), artificial intelligence (AI), systematic literature review, technical barriers
DESIGN2026 - The 19th International Design Conference
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