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In addition to research papers, the Design Society is developing several valuable resources for those interested in the study of design. These include a repository of PhD theses, a library of case studies and transcripts of design activities, and an archive of our newsletters. Please note that these resources are accessible exclusively to Design Society members.

Designing for compliance at the microscale: DfAM lessons from a 2PP-printed bellows structure for sensing and actuation

Stubberud, Vegar; Nysæter, Simon; Steinert, Martin; Johnsen, Håkon Jarand Dugstad

Type:
Papers
DS 145: Proceedings of the DESIGN2026 19th International Design Conference
Year:
2026
Editor:
Štorga, M.; Škec, S.; Martinec, T.; Marjanović, D.; Pavković, N.
Author:
Stubberud, Vegar; Nysæter, Simon; Steinert, Martin; Johnsen, Håkon Jarand Dugstad
Series:
DESIGN
Institution:
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
Page(s):
2133-2140
DOI number:
10.1017/pds.2026.10571
ISSN:
2732-527X (Online)
Abstract:
AM enables the design of compliant mechanisms that encode functions directly into geometry. Existing DfAM frameworks rarely address microscale AM, such as two-photon polymerisation (2PP). We present the design process of an airtight, monolithic bellows structure in rigid 2PP resin that serves both as a sensor and an actuator. Through co-evolution of problem and solution, we identify 2PP-specific design considerations and opportunities, including fabrication uncertainties, cross-scale iteration, and design for post-processing, contributing to a case-based DfAM framework for microscale AM.
Keywords:
additive manufacturing, two photon polymerisation, design for x (DfX), compliant mechanisms, case study
DESIGN2026 - The 19th International Design Conference
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