Knowledge Base Repository

In addition to research papers, the Design Society is developing several valuable resources for those interested in the study of design. These include a repository of PhD theses, a library of case studies and transcripts of design activities, and an archive of our newsletters. Please note that these resources are accessible exclusively to Design Society members.

Toward design for complexity: an integrated framework for iterative co-evolution across complex socio-technical systems

Alrizqi, Mohammed (1); Summers, Joshua (2); Kramer, Julia (3)


Type:
Year:
2026
Editor:
Štorga, M.; Škec, S.; Martinec, T.; Marjanović, D.; Pavković, N.
Author:
Series:
DESIGN
Institution:
1: Cornell University, United States of America; 2: University of Texas at Dallas, United States of America; 3: University of Michigan, United States of America
Page(s):
011-021
DOI number:
ISSN:
2732-527X (Online)
Abstract:
Traditional design methods fall short for complex socio-technical systems where social and technical elements co-evolve and emergent behaviors resist decomposition. This paper proposes a seven-stage Design for Complexity Framework integrating systems science and design theory. Stages 3–6 form an iterative co-evolution space where modeling, architecture, and stakeholder co-design mutually shape problem and solution development. A healthcare example illustrates how the framework's co-evolutionary approach addresses coordination failures that purely technical or purely participatory methods miss.
Keywords:

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