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Scientific research on biomimetic design methodologies now faces the major challenge of implementing it in innovation practices. In this context, and in the face of the many obstacles that result, this doctoral thesis raises the question of the occupations associated with the practice of biomimetics. More specifically, the absence of professionals trained in biomimetic design and life sciences makes access and analysis of biological data particularly complex. Through a series of descriptive and prescriptive studies, the profile of the biomimetician, a professional specializing in biomimetics and biology, is formalized. The recommendation of its practical activities, including concepts, methods and tools derived from biology, then leads to the definition of the skills of this new member of the biomimetic design teams. To ensure its integration, an interdisciplinary technology-pull biomimetic design process and a tool accompanying the collaborative practice of the teams are proposed.