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Chakrabarti A., Taura T. • 2006
proceeding: Proceedings of the 9th International Design Conference DESIGN 2006
section: THEORY AND RESEARCH METHODS IN DESIGN
editor: Marjanovic, D.
pages: 1-8
abstract: The report summarises a study of several artefacts to identify the difficulties associated with their synthesis and analysis directly using physical phenomena/effects and what could be done to support a designer in synthesis and analysis of these artefacts. The study highlights some major reasons as to why analysis/synthesis using physical phenomena of effects is difficult, and in some cases impossible. It then discusses, how, given the above difficulties, support synthesis and analysis by designers could be supported.
keywords: synthesis, analysis, physical laws, artefact design
Deimel M.; Franke H.-J. • 2006
proceeding: Proceedings of the 9th International Design Conference DESIGN 2006
section: THEORY AND RESEARCH METHODS IN DESIGN
editor: Marjanovic, D.
pages: 9-20
abstract: The paper shows that similarity ratios support holistically the methodical synthesis of solutions. Partial solutions can be described and selected on the basis of dimensionless characteristics. The usage of ratios simplifies the representation of technical systems because of the reduction of parameters. The characteristics used can be aggregated to ratio relations for the representation of principle solutions. The aggregated ratios are mathematically formalized and thus compressed solution knowledge which is appropriate for dimensioning and comparative calculations. The coupled ratios can be used as fixed solution principles for subsequent design processes, e.g. in design catalogues. The configuration of the dimensionless groups reveals the structural properties of solutions, which enable simplified approaches for variations and optimizations.
keywords: finding solutions, similarity ratios, Pi theorem
Eder W.E. • 2006
proceeding: Proceedings of the 9th International Design Conference DESIGN 2006
section: THEORY AND RESEARCH METHODS IN DESIGN
editor: Marjanovic, D.
pages: 21-32
abstract: Design methods have been suggested for many years, but have received limited use. The regions of design engineering, integrated product development, and industrial design are briefly compared. A continuing development is based on Engineering Design Science, and is demonstrated on a case example of conceptualising a large system. These methodologies assume a novel design problem, emphasize the major design phases, and show clearly how the gaps can be bridged. Only those parts of this designing process that are useful are employed. This cannot possibly be done in a linear procedure; feedback, iteration (repeating the operations with better understanding) and recursion (dividing a problem into parts, solving, and re-combining) are needed.
keywords: design methodology, engineering design science, sub-problems
Hatchuel A., Le Masson P., Weil B. • 2006
proceeding: Proceedings of the 9th International Design Conference DESIGN 2006
section: THEORY AND RESEARCH METHODS IN DESIGN
editor: Marjanovic, D.
pages: 33-44
abstract: The paper addresses the design of Science Based Products (SBPs): these products need the efficient introduction of scientific research within the design process, as well as functional and testing innovations. First, we show that classic design theories are not adapted to SBPs which require more powerful design theories like C-K theory (Hatchuel and weil 2003). Second, we model the design of SBPs as a sequence of Design spaces, ie specific subsets of the initial SBP concept where design learning is possible. This can be easily and fruitfully modelled with C-K theory, as it allows several learnings to interact with conceptual expansions in the same design process. We discuss these findings in a real design project: new bio-climates in cars.
keywords: design theory, design space, science-based products, systematic design
Jänsch J., Birkhofer H. • 2006
proceeding: Proceedings of the 9th International Design Conference DESIGN 2006
section: THEORY AND RESEARCH METHODS IN DESIGN
editor: Marjanovic, D.
pages: 45-52
abstract: Design guidelines, especially the VDI 2221, have been developed over the past 50 years. Analyzing this development gives interesting insights into the changing character of the design guidelines. Special insights are obtained concerning the intention and direction of the guidelines. These insights give, on the one hand, explanations for the still reserved application and acceptance of design guidelines, and on the other hand, evidence of their improvement. This paper aims to give an overview of the development of the design guidelines in German-speaking lands, point out certain aspects of changes (aim, advice, instructions, terminology, and description) and provide ideas about the consequences and potentials of these changes.
keywords: design guidelines, design methods research, development of design guidelines
Koskela L.J., Kagioglou M. • 2006
proceeding: Proceedings of the 9th International Design Conference DESIGN 2006
section: THEORY AND RESEARCH METHODS IN DESIGN
editor: Marjanovic, D.
pages: 53-60
abstract: It is contended that the ancient method of analysis and synthesis, developed originally by Greek geometers, provides a proto-theory of design, which unfortunately has largely been forgotten in the modern period. For justifying this claim, six central features of the method of analysis and synthesis are discussed and compared to recent developments in design theory and methodology. It is shown that various issues covered by the method analysis and synthesis have recently been rediscovered in the design science, but without any connection to it. It is argued that further development and unification of the design science requires that we return to the proto-theory of design and start to validate, criticize and expand it.
keywords: design theory, method, analysis, synthesis, geometry
Kurtoglu T., Campbell M.I. • 2006
proceeding: Proceedings of the 9th International Design Conference DESIGN 2006
section: THEORY AND RESEARCH METHODS IN DESIGN
editor: Marjanovic, D.
pages: 61-68
abstract: During conceptual design, designers envision a breadth of solution principles to all the functional requirements of an artifact, and then combine them together into feasible concept variants. We conjecture that computational design tools could be developed to help designers navigate the design space in creating configurations from detailed specifications of function. In this research, a methodology is developed that extracts design knowledge from an online library of engineering artifacts in the form of grammar rules. From an initial implementation of 170 rules derived from 17 products, we demonstrate a computational process that builds new design configurations by borrowing concepts from how common functions are solved in related designs.
keywords: concept generation, graph grammars, design reuse
Meißner M., Blessing L. • 2006
proceeding: Proceedings of the 9th International Design Conference DESIGN 2006
section: THEORY AND RESEARCH METHODS IN DESIGN
editor: Marjanovic, D.
pages: 69-78
abstract: To generate company-specific, project-specific and individualised methodical supported product development processes, influences from the context of product development have to be considered. Recent literature provides sets of context criteria as basis for characterising development situations and gives sparse hints in how far characteristics of product development processes should change. The proposed approach towards an adaptive methodology should allow a more flexible and more detailed adaptation to the development context. Subdividing the methodology into modules enables local teams to adapt as practitioners their part of the methodology.
keywords: product development, methodology, context, adaptation
Miura S., Utiyama M., Takeuchi K., Isahara H., Nagai Y., Taura T. • 2006
proceeding: Proceedings of the 9th International Design Conference DESIGN 2006
section: THEORY AND RESEARCH METHODS IN DESIGN
editor: Marjanovic, D.
pages: 79-90
abstract: In upstream design, designers generate new images. This process is important in forming the whole design object. In this process they use verbal image and nonverbal image in their mind. We hope to support design by matching between language and shapes. For this purpose, we believe the bottom-up approach is better because designer's mind is dynamic. The Statistical Machine Translation is known in Natural Language Processing as such method. We proposed Linguistic Relational Model (LRM) to analyze verbal data, and chose CSG as nonverbal data. Then we match between LRM and CSG by statistical approach. In order to evaluate this method, we create transcription data for LRM and calculate the accuracy of our method.
keywords: machine translation, word translation, feature, CSG
Ottosson S., Björk E., Holmdahl L., Vajna S. • 2006
proceeding: Proceedings of the 9th International Design Conference DESIGN 2006
section: THEORY AND RESEARCH METHODS IN DESIGN
editor: Marjanovic, D.
pages: 91-102
abstract: For researchers to be able to understand what happens in a product development project with its complex nature, to be able to reflect upon it, and to provide useful recommendations for improvements of development processes, a close participation in ongoing processes is crucial. An Insider Action Research (IAR) approach facilitates the possibilities to contribute both to science and to the art of practise. Performing IAR studies means that the researcher is within an excess of data flow difficult to handle. (S)he also gets much insight into the game behind the scenes (tactics, politics, gossips, relations, etc.), which can cause publicity and loyalty problems towards the people in the project and the company in which the project takes part.
keywords: action research, insider action research, product development, participation action research, research methods
