Papers

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Design Engineering and Needs for Methodology

Eder, Wolfgang Ernst • 2009

proceeding: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED'09), Vol. 5
section: Design Methods and Tools
editor: Norell Bergendahl, M.; Grimheden, M.; Leifer, L.; Skogstad, P.; Lindemann, U.
pages: 1-12

abstract: In order to explore the need for a formalized engineering design methodology, several grounded theories are reviewed and brought into mutual context. The theories refer to memory and thinking operations, expertise, human action modes, competencies, and learning styles. The discussion reveals a need for specific instructions for a methodical and systematic engineering design procedure, when the design problem is seen as non-routine, and expertise is lacking. A design methodology based on the insights of Engineering Design Science is outlined, to give guidance on available design procedures for situations where it is needed.

keywords: Design engineering, Engineering Design Science, expertise, competency, action modes

A Quality Function Deployment Method Pattern Language for EfficientDesign

Rogers, Damian; Salustri, Filippo Arnaldo • 2009

abstract: Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is widely used throughout design processes to increase customer satisfaction. However, the method is sometimes not clearly understood and is at times confusing in its approach. Pattern languages, on the other hand, are used for ease of understanding and to convey information to those with little background on some topic. One might then consider the merits of creating a pattern language for QFD, to increase both understanding of the method and its usage in everyday design processes. In order to carry out this endeavor, the authors explore current quality function deployment methods and offer their own form of the process to solve some of the inconsistencies between current methods and to better suit the creation of the pattern language. A pattern language for quality function deployment method was then created and described in the paper, as well as examples of two specific patterns. This shows that the creation of a pattern language is possible, even for a difficult topic like quality function deployment and that it is useful to designers with little or no background in the quality function deployment method.

keywords: Quality Function Deployment, Product Design, , Pattern Language

Biomimetics as a Design Methodology - Possibilities and Challenges

Lenau, Torben A. • 2009

abstract: Biomimetics ? or bionik as it is called in parts of Europe ? offer a number of promising opportunities and challenges for the designer. The paper investigates how biomimetics as a design methodology is used in engineering design by looking at examples of biological searches and highlight the possibilities and challenges. Biomimetics for engineering design is explored through an experiment involving 12 design engineering students. For 7 selected problem areas they searched biology literature available at a university library and identified a number of biological solutions. Central solution principles were formulated and used for designing technical items that could be used to solve the initial problems. Experiences are that biomimetic design can be made successfully using commonly available biological literature and internet resources and that designers without detailed biological knowledge can perform biomimetic design at a conceptual level. However often more detailed understanding of the biological and in particular the biochemical phenomena is required. This could be achieved through collaboration with biologists.

keywords: Biomimetics, bionik, design methodology, inspiration, functional principles

Visualization Platforms for Conceptual Design

Opiyo, Eliab Zephania • 2009

abstract: In the research described in this paper, we used structured rule based analytical method, questionnaire survey method and expert evaluation method to systematically identify suitable visualization platforms for conceptual design tasks by taking into consideration technological affordances and usability demands. Comparatively, the structured analytical method we developed and used in this work focuses more on technological issues, takes into account typical working situations and is based on unambiguous sets of rules which the user only need to apply. It has been shown that there is no particular type visualization technology that fulfils all visualization demands in the conceptual design process. Also, it has been concluded in all three studies that the design tasks that require space imagination such as deciding on how the final design should look like, reviewing the ergonomics of the designs and assembly verification can be accomplished aptly by using design support systems equipped with 3D displays.

keywords: 3D Design, product visualization, computer aided design, conceptual design.

Action research into the use of parametric associative CAD systems in an industrial context

Salehi, Vahid; McMahon, Chris • 2009

abstract: This paper reports the first stages from a research programme into the application of parametric associative CAD systems adopting the Design Research Methodology (DRM) according to Blessing. The focus of this paper is to present the results of the descriptive study which has been accomplished to identify the challenges, problems and weaknesses involved in the use of the systems in the automotive design process. After a short introduction the result of a literature survey on the field of parametric associative CAD design systems is presented, including an evaluation of reviewed papers and research from different aspects. The review is followed by presentation of the results of a questionnaire and interview study of engineers working in the automotive industry. This study demonstrates that engineers have significant difficulty in identifying and structuring the parameters and associative relationships used in parametric associative CAD, especially in distributed design tasks. The review and the empirical study demonstrate the necessity of generic integrated approaches to working with parametric associative CAD systems.

keywords: parametric associative design, method development, CAD systems, parametric design methods

Development of a generic integrated approach for parametric associative CAD systems

Salehi, Vahid; McMahon, Chris • 2009

abstract: Currently one of the possibilities to create virtual CAD components is the application of parametric and associative CAD systems in automotive product development processes. To achieve the full potential of parametric and associative CAD design systems especially in view of the complexity of the CAD parts and assemblies in industries such as the automotive industry it is important to have a clear understanding of how best to use such systems. After a short introduction this paper which is based on the results of the accomplished descriptive study and literature survey presents a generic integrated approach of parametric associative (PA) CAD system and demonstrates the general requirements of a generic integrated approach. The second section presents the different phases and sub-phases of the developed approach. By means of designing a piston pin the different phases of the developed generic integrated approach will be demonstrated and presented. Section three will discuss the results of the prescriptive study and address the most important issues. In general this paper presents the prescriptive phase of the design research methodology according to Blessing.

keywords: parametric associative design, method development, CAD systems, generic CAD method

Design in the Microfluidic Domain as Compared to Other Domains

Panikowska, Katarzyna Ewa; Tiwari, Ashutosh; Alcock, Jeffrey R. • 2009

abstract: When describing microfluidics authors frequently point out its unique characteristics in terms of both the physical forces and technology drivers operating in this domain. However, this uniqueness is not translated into the area of design. Design methodologies for microfluidic devices have usually originated from micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) design models. However, due to a number of issues, such direct transfer of these models to microfluidics is considered as insufficient, as is the adaptation of macro-domain's design flows. This paper attempts to provide an insight into design methodologies for microfluidic design. Firstly, the comparison of micro-scale device design and macro scale device design is undertaken. This is followed by a comparison of the microfluidic domain with other micro-scale domains. The paper summarises these issues and highlights a set of concerns which should be taken into account during development of microfluidic design methodologies.

keywords: microfluidics, design of microfluidic devices, micro design, macro design

Use Scenarios for Digital Design Studios of the Future

van Doorn, Ellemieke; Horváth, Imre • 2009

abstract: This paper presents the results of an explorative study concerning the possible use and development of scenarios for future digital design studios. Although it is difficult to forecast the future, these systems will probably include both the currently available and emerging next generation design support tools and interaction technologies. The goal of our background research has been to study the relationships between the human and application demands and the affordances of new technologies. We investigated the wishes of designers and design companies through discussions, creative sessions and a questionnaire. We analyzed the trends of technology development and range of functional affordances. We concluded that the main designers' objectives with regard to advanced design support are to have sufficient support for inspiration, visualization and validation. Based on these fundamental demands, we developed three different use scenarios for future digital design studios. These scenarios have been tested with potential users. This showed that the scenarios indicate possible directions for further research, communicate possible solutions, and inspire designers in product development.

keywords: Digital design studio, use scenarios, advanced design support, sensing technologies, volumetric visualization, multi-sensational feedback

Virtual Dimensional Product Validation by Integration of Simulations

Stockinger, Andreas; Meerkamm, Harald • 2009

abstract: The process of virtual validation of product function has an important role in product development. It enables the product developer to design products taking different aspects like Design to Quality into account. Reliable results of simulations can only be obtained if appropriate assumptions for the model exist. Therefore the aim of this contribution is to suggest an approach to estimate input parameters of computer aided tolerancing simulations (CAT). For this purpose stochastic manufacturing process analysis is performed. Based on an analysis of the dimensional modelling process and an overview of tolerance analysis techniques, a concept for estimation of simulation assumptions for CAT is systematically derived. The identification of pivotal model parameters in tolerance analysis and the integration of results of a manufacturing process simulation are outlined. Based on simulations of an example application the manufacturing simulation parameters and the resulting process variations for use in tolerance analysis are described. Finally the impact of these parameters on dimensional quality measures is discussed. To conclude, an outlook on further integration of processes is given.

keywords: Dimensional management, computer aided tolerancing, stamping simulation, D-to-Quality

Observation, Annotation and Analysis of Design Activities: How to Find an Appropriate Tool?

Rasoulifar, Rahi; Meillon, Brigitte; Thomann, Guillaume; Villeneuve, François • 2009

abstract: Recently design researchers have been interested in observation-analysis approach to study design activities. In this way the annotation and annotation tools have been introduced to the design research. This paper describes the annotation process as an approach in design activity studies. It presents several design research in the context of collaborative design and user-centred design, using video annotation tools, and explain how these tools have been employed. We describe the evaluation criteria for annotation tools, and provide a functional comparison on the explained tools. We explored the existing functionalities of different software, to extract a list of desired characteristics of an ideal annotation tool for the design research and studies.

keywords: video annotation, design activity, observation, analysis

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